The Visual Cortex

The visual cortex processes visual information and is located at the rear of the head. Sensory input from the eyes travels through the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus and then reaches the visual cortex.

the lateral geniculate nucleus = a structure in the thalamus, where the thalamus connects with the optic nerve, a key component of the visual pathway

thalamus = a large mass of gray matter, nerve fibers project out of the thalamus to the cerebral cortex in all directions, allowing exchanges of information

cerebral cortex = the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum (the largest part of the brain, LOTS OF BRAIN BIG BRAIN), plays a key role in attention, perception, awareness, thought, memory, language, consciousness

source: wiki pedia.org

Somatic sensory association area

Also known as the somatic sensory system (maybe??). The main functions are the perception of external and internal stimuli, the regulation of body position and balance (proprioception, the sense of self-movement, force, and body position).

Primary sensory cortex

Or: primary somatosensory cortex, in the parietal lobe and is part of the somatosensory system.

Tactile representation of the body. Each cerebral hemisphere of the primary somatosensory cortex only contains a tactile representation of the opposite (contralateral) side of the body.

The amount of primary somatosensory cortex devoted to a body part is not proportional to the absolute size of the body surface. It depends on the relative density (the sensorimotor homunculi) of cutaneous (the surface of the skin) tactile receptors located on that body part.